Friday’s Girl
A centuries-old mystery has crossed my path again …
I mentioned in a very recent article that there was a dispute in many educational quarters relating to the actual Viking deity being honored by the name, ‘Friday.’ The cold, hard fact is that unless somebody reveals a runic stone that confirms the problem — and that’s unlikely — only a preponderance of circumstantial proof is going to hold the day in any such debate.
So, while others while away their time considering world peace, I’ve came back to the hunt for Friday’s inspiration.
If you will recall, four of the seven days of the week are named when Norse gods:
– Tuesday is for Tyr, the god of truth and war,
– Wednesday is for Odin, the Allfather of Viking gods,
– Thursday is for Thor, the god of thunder,
– Friday, however is cloaked in ambiguity.
I’d always heard the day’s name-origin came from Frigg, Odin’s elder wife — he had a lot of than one — and this is often supported by the most scholarly of English references, like the Oxford dictionary. Others say it had been for either Frey or Freja, who were brother and sister within the Vanir clan. Frey was the god of fertility, so it had been considered essential to stay him happy; Freja was the goddess of affection and wonder, so it did not hurt to keep on her good aspect, either.
Frigg’s duties were to be the goddess of the sky. It absolutely was a delicate job, but somebody had to try to to it.
Turning to cyberspace for resolution, I happened on an glorious guide in Norse matters, The Viking Answer Lady. She is thus meticulous in her material that I felt the chance of her bringing lightweight to the difficulty was quite good. Therefore, I contacted her. To mention she did her analysis is an understatement. Here’s her reply to me:
“Since Western Europe all originally derived from Indo-European tribes, we have a tendency to realize that there were a heap of correspondences between the numerous branches — not actual, one-for-one identity, however ideas are clearly related. Therefore it’s no real surprise to find {that the} naming and symbolism of the days of the week, and the amount of days in a very week, would possibly be just about the identical in all the descendants of the Indo-Europeans.
“You can see the day-name correspondences in other languages that descend from Indo-European:
“Ancient Greek has: hemera selenes (moon day), hemera Areos (Ares’ day), hemera Hermu (Hermes’ day), hemera Dios (Zeus’ day), hemera Aphrodites (Aphrodite’s day), hemera Khronu (Chronos’ day), hemera heliou (sun day)
“Latin: Lunae dies (Moon-day, Monday), Martis dies (Mars-Day, Tuesday), Mercurii dies (Mercury’s day, Wednesday), Jovis dies (Jove’s day, Thursday), Veneris dies (Venus’ day, Friday), Saturni dies (Saturn’s day, Saturday) or alternatively Christian Sabbatum or Sabbati dies (Sabbath day), Solis dies (Sunday)or alternatively Christian Dominicus dies (Lord’s day)
“Unsurprisingly, the Romance languages clearly derive their day names from Latin, except for Portugese, that numbers the days:
“Italian: lunedi, martedi, mercoledi, giovedi, venerdi, sabato, domenica
“Spanish: lunes, martes, miércoles, jueves, viernes, sábado, domingo
“French: lundi, mardi, mercredi, jeudi, vendredi, samedi, dimanche
“Romanian: luni, marti, miercuri, joi, vineri, sîmbata, duminica
“Portugese: Segunda-Feira (2nd day, Monday); Terça-Feira (3rd day, Tuesday); Quarta-Feira (fourth day, Wednesday); Quinta-Feira (fifth day, Thursday); Sexta-Feira (6th day, Friday); Sábado (Sabbath, Saturday); Domingo (Lord’s Day, Sunday)
“The Celtic languages have taken and preserved the Latin names of the times, and conjointly borrowed heavily from Christian ideas:
“Welsh: Dydd Llun (moon/Luna day), Dydd Mawrth (Mars’ day), Dydd Mercher (Mercury’s day), Dydd Iau (Jove’s day), Dydd Gwener (Venus’s day), Dydd Sadwrn (Saturn’s day), Dydd Sul (sun day)
“Gaelic: Di-luain (moon day); Di-máirt (Mars’s day); Di-ciaduinn or Di-ciadaoin (day of the primary quick of the week – Friday being the second fast); Diardaoin (the day between the two fasts of Wednesday and Friday); Di-haoine or Dia-aoine (day of the quick) Di-sathuirn (Saturn day); Di-dómhnuich (Lord’s day)
“Irish: Dé Luan (moon/Luna day); Dé Mairt (Mars’ day); Dé Céadaoin (day of the primary quick of the week); Déardaoin; Dé h-Aoine (the day between the two fasts of Wednesday and Friday); Dé Sathairn (Saturn’s day); Dé Domhnaigh (Lord’s day)
“The Germanic languages, however, also are related. Ares/Mars was equated with Týr as a warrior god. Zeus/Jupiter was equated with Thórr because the god who hurled lightnings. Mercury was equated with Óðinn, since each had a job as psychompomps, the one who leads the dead to their afterlife. Aphrodite/Venus was equated with Frigga and Freyja.
“German: Montag (moon day), Dienstag (Týr’s day), Mittwoch (Mid-week), Donnerstag (Donner’s/Thórr’s day), Freitag (Freyja/Frigga’s day), Samstag (derived ultimately from Latin Sabbatum), Sonntag (sun day)
“Dutch: maandag (moon day), dinsdag, woensdag (Woden’s/Óðinn’s day), donderda (Donner’s/Thórr’s day), vrijdag (Freyja/Frigga’s day), zaterdag (Saturn day), zondag (sun day)
“Norwegian and Danish: mandag (moon day), tirsdag (Týr’s day), onsdag (Óðinn’s day), torsdag (Thórr’s day), fredag (Freyja’s/Frigga’s day), lørdag (laundry day), søndag (sun day)
“Swedish: måndag (moon day), tisdag (Týr’s day), onsdag (Óðinn’s day), torsdag (Thrr’s day), fredag (Freyja/Frigga’s day), lördag (wash day), söndag (sun day)
“Recent English: mondæg or monandæg (moon day); tiwesdæg (Tiw’s day, Týr’s day); wodnesdæg (Wotan’s/Óðinn’s day); thunresdæg (Thórr’s day); frigedæg (Frigga’s/Freya’s day); sæterdæg or sæternesdæg (Saturn’s day); sunnandæg (sun day)
“Middle English: monday, moneday, or monenday (moon day); tiwesday or tewesday (Tiw’s day, Týr’s day); wodnesday, wednesday, or wednesdai (Wotan’s/Óðinn’s day); thursday or thuresday (Thórr’s day); fridai (Frigga’s/Freya’s day); saterday (Saturn’s day); soneday, sonenday, sunday, sunnenday (sun day)
“North Frisian: monnendei (moon-day); Tirsdei (Týr’s-day); Winsdei (Wotan’s/Óðinn’s day); Türsdei (Thórr’s day); Fridei (Frigga’s/Freyja’s day); sennin (sun-evening); sennedei (sun day)
“Etymologically, it’s impossible to tell for bound whether or not the ‘Friday’ words derive from Frigga or Freyja (a minimum of thus I am told, I’m not a philologist or linguistics knowledgeable). We have a tendency to will tell by the cognates {that the} name is from a goddess equated with Venus and Aphrodite.
“We have a tendency to get into additional issues in that ‘Freyja’ is derived from roots that means simply ‘lady’ while ‘Frigga’ comes from roots related to ‘beloved.’ There have been many scholars who insist that Frigga and Freyja are simply totally different titles for the same goddess.
“None the less, undoubtedly ‘Friday’ comes from the name of 1 of these two goddeses, and not from the name of the god Freyr.”
Currently, that is the kind of studied thoroughness that can achieve Master’s degrees. It’s a preponderance of evidence that may carry the day during a court of law. While she only eliminated one among the 3 contenders to the title of Friday’s Namesake, the Viking Answer Lady has gone on top of and beyond the call of duty to provide me with the knowledge I requested.
I am certain glad I didn’t tell her I used to be simply trying to win a bar bet.
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